Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) are complex and often misunderstood conditions that can have a profound impact on the mental and physical health of children. These disorders are characterized by a sudden onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including obsessive-compulsive behaviors, tics, anxiety, and mood disturbances. PANS and PANDAS are particularly relevant in the context of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who may be more susceptible to these conditions.

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